ADA & Accessibility Requirements in Construction
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that places open to the public and many workplaces be usable by people with disabilities. Contractors build these features, so mistakes in slope, width or height can create legal and safety problems.
- Contractors
- Building Owners
- Inspectors
What the ADA covers
- Title III covers public accommodations and commercial facilities: stores, restaurants, hotels, offices, medical facilities, schools and more. New construction and alterations must meet the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design.
- Title II covers state and local government facilities.
- The Architectural Barriers Act covers federal buildings.
- Housing is covered by the Fair Housing Act design rules for many multifamily buildings.
- State and local codes may add more, and building inspectors check them. See Building Codes and Permits & Inspections.
Common requirements (examples)
| Item | Typical requirement |
|---|---|
| Accessible route | At least 36 inches wide, firm, stable and slip-resistant surface |
| Ramps | Running slope no steeper than 1:12, with landings, handrails and edge protection |
| Doors | At least 32 inches clear width; limited opening force; maneuvering clearance at the latch side; lever or loop hardware |
| Thresholds | Low, generally no more than 1/2 inch with beveled edges |
| Reach ranges | Controls and switches generally between 15 and 48 inches above the floor |
| Parking | Required number of accessible spaces, access aisles and signs |
| Restrooms | Turning space, grab bars, clearances at fixtures, accessible lavatories |
Exact requirements depend on the type of building and element. Check the standard and plans.
Why it matters for safety and compliance
- Follow the drawings. A ramp slightly too steep or a door too narrow may fail inspection and need expensive rework.
- Measure carefully and check slopes with a level. Finished floors, thresholds and hardware heights change dimensions.
- Do not leave temporary hazards in the accessible route after work, such as cords, steps or materials.
- Trades such as flooring, door hardware and electrical should coordinate on heights and clearances. See Door & Hardware Installers and Flooring Installers.
- Keep accessible features free of obstruction during construction of partly occupied buildings.
For workers with disabilities
Employers must make reasonable accommodations for qualified workers. See Disability Accommodations.
Standards & references
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