Insects, Snakes, Plants & Other Biological Hazards

Outdoor and renovation workers run into living hazards too: ticks and mosquitoes that carry disease, stinging insects, snakes, poisonous plants, and fungi in soil and droppings.

Common hazards

HazardRiskPrevention
TicksLyme disease and other illnessesRepellent (DEET, picaridin, permethrin on clothing), long pants tucked in, daily tick checks
MosquitoesWest Nile and other virusesRepellent, long sleeves, drain standing water
Bees, wasps, fire antsPainful stings; deadly allergic reactionsLook before you reach into voids; tell coworkers about allergies; carry epinephrine if prescribed
Venomous snakes and spidersBitesWatch where you step and reach; wear boots and gloves; leave snakes alone
Poison ivy, oak, sumacSevere rashLearn to spot them; cover skin; wash skin and tools soon after contact; never burn them
Bird and bat droppingsHistoplasmosis and other lung infectionsWet down droppings, wear respirators, avoid dry sweeping in attics and old buildings
Rodent droppingsHantavirusVentilate, wet with disinfectant before cleanup, wear a respirator in crawl spaces and sheds
Soil fungus (Southwest)Valley feverDust control during digging; respirators

Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction): swelling of face or throat, trouble breathing, hives, dizziness. Use an epinephrine auto-injector if available and call 911.

Standards & references

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