Chemicals That Damage Hearing

Noise is not the only thing that damages hearing. Some chemicals are ototoxic, meaning they can harm the inner ear or the nerves that carry sound to the brain. Exposure to both noise and these chemicals can be worse than either alone.

• Painters
• Welders
• Manufacturing

Which chemicals

• Solvents: toluene, xylene, styrene, n-hexane, trichloroethylene and carbon disulfide. These are found in paints, thinners, adhesives, fiberglass resins and cleaners. See Solvents.
• Asphyxiants: carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, which deprive tissues of oxygen. See Carbon Monoxide.
• Metals and compounds: lead, mercury, arsenic and organotins.
• Some pesticides and other chemicals.

How it happens

• The chemical gets into the body by breathing, skin contact or swallowing and travels in the blood.
• It can damage the hair cells of the inner ear or the nerve pathways.
• Hearing loss often starts with high pitches and can be gradual and painless. You may not notice until it is advanced.
• Together with noise, the damage can be greater than the sum of the parts.

Reducing the risk

• Read the Safety Data Sheet. Check whether the product is listed as affecting hearing or the nervous system. See Safety Data Sheets.
• Use the hierarchy of controls: replace the chemical with a safer one, use enclosed processes and local exhaust ventilation. See Ventilation.
• Wear the right respirator and gloves for the chemical. See Respiratory Protection.
• Wear hearing protection in noisy areas, even if the chemicals are controlled. See Hearing Protection.
• Include workers exposed to these chemicals in the hearing conservation program and have yearly hearing tests. See Audiograms.
• Report ringing in the ears, muffled hearing or trouble following conversation to your supervisor or a health professional.

Last updated: October 8, 2026