Crane Load Testing & Proof Tests
A load test proves that a crane, hoist or rigging device can carry the load it is rated for. Tests are done on new equipment and after major repairs or alterations. They are controlled lifts, and the test itself must be planned as carefully as any lift.
- Crane Owners
- Inspectors
- Riggers
When tests are done
- New cranes and equipment, after installation and before use.
- After a major alteration, repair or modification that could affect strength, such as a structural repair, hoist modification, boom change or brake replacement.
- In some jurisdictions or standards, at set intervals or after an overload event.
- For overhead cranes, OSHA requires rated load tests of new and altered cranes (1910.179(k)). For construction cranes, similar tests are required after repairs and alterations to assure safety (1926.1412 to 1926.1413 and the maker's instructions).
- Rigging items such as slings and hooks may be proof tested by the manufacturer. See Sling Inspection.
Typical test load
- Overhead cranes and many hoists are tested at up to 125 percent of rated load, but the exact test load depends on the standard, the maker and the type of equipment. Do not exceed what is specified.
- Test weights must be known and certified, or measured with a calibrated load cell. See Estimating Load Weight.
Doing it safely
- Prepare a written test plan reviewed by a qualified person, with steps, weights, load paths and acceptance criteria. See Lift Planning
- Inspect the equipment before the test: structure, ropes, hooks, brakes, limit switches and safety devices. See Crane Inspections and Crane Safety Devices
- Clear the area and barricade the zone. Keep people out from under the load and out of the swing area
- Lift the test load slowly, a few inches first, and hold it. Check for deflection, brake slip, unusual noises or damage
- Operate through all motions as the plan requires. Lower smoothly
- Use qualified operators, riggers and a signal person
- Have a plan to stop the test and lower the load safely if something goes wrong
- Inspect again after the test for cracks, permanent set or damage
Records
Keep test reports with the date, equipment ID, test weight, results, who performed it and any repairs. Records help prove compliance and the equipment's history.
Standards & references
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