Loading & Unloading Trucks With Cranes

Deliveries of steel, pipe, precast and lumber often arrive on flatbeds that are unloaded by crane or boom truck. The load can shift as straps come off, the truck can lean as weight leaves, and people on the ground are often too close.

• Crane Operators
• Riggers
• Truck Drivers

Hazards

• Shifting or rolling cargo when tie-downs are released. See Cargo Securement.
• Falling loads and swinging materials over workers.
• Truck instability: the truck can tip toward the side that is unloaded or against the lifting side, especially on slopes.
• Struck-by and crush for drivers and ground crew standing on the truck bed or between stacks.
• Falls from the trailer deck. See Truck & Trailer Falls.
• Power lines and obstructions overhead. See Cranes & Power Lines.

Planning

• Set the delivery truck on firm, level ground, brakes set and chocks in place; the driver stays in a safe zone
• Know the weight of each piece and the stack; use shipping papers or the supplier information. See Estimating Load Weight
• Set up the crane or boom truck with proper outriggers and mats. See Crane Mats & Outrigger Pads
• Plan the sequence: unload evenly from both sides so the truck stays balanced
• Identify the landing zone, clear of people and utilities
• Agree on signals. See Crane Hand Signals

Unloading steps

1. Inspect securement. Loosen binders slowly and from a position that avoids being hit if cargo shifts. Never stand where a rolling load could trap you.
2. Remove tie-downs only when the crane has the load or the load is stable; some loads need blocking.
3. Rig with the right slings and hitches for the piece, using spreaders when needed. See Sling Hitches and Rigging Basics.
4. Take the weight slowly and check balance.
5. Use tag lines to control rotation. Keep everyone out from under the load.
6. Land the load on cribbing or dunnage so the slings can be removed safely.

• Do not allow anyone to ride on the load or sit on the truck bed during lifts.
• Do not drag a load sideways with the crane.
• Do not lift loads that are frozen to the bed or hung up without a plan.

Last updated: October 8, 2026